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1 For a year by year detailed biography of Aga Khan IV, see: http://global.ismaili.net/timeline/timeline.html
2 This is the official Ismaili count, and some contend that with more Ismailis making themselves known in Central Asia, the number could be as high as 20 million. Others have suggested these numbers are grossly inflated and say that five million seems a more reasonable estimate (Salvadori 1989: 234).
3 Aga Khan IV's investments include a chain of luxury hotels, property on the Italian island of Sardinia, several hundred race horses and a private jet. In Nairobi he owns a major bank and The Nation, the country's most respected daily newspaper.
4 The term twice migrant, as well as thrice and multiple migrants were coined by Parminder Bhachu in her study of East African Sikhs in Britain (1985).
5 In two articles Abu-Lughod attributes the term "halfie" to Kirin Narayan, who later denied coining or using the term. Thus, I must attribute it to Abu-Lughod. I thank Lila for her clearing up the confusion.
6 I thank Paulla Ebron for her insight on this point.
7 Bhangra is a dance and music form derived from Punjabi folk dances centered around the agricultural harvest. It became popular in Britain, and today is a combination of "traditional" South Asian sounds and rap, reggae and techno.
8 Of course one can also convert to Ismailism. There is no modern tradition of proselytizing, so converts are usually adoptees or spouses of Ismailis.
9 See Chapter Four for more on this.
10 In Chapter Five, I discuss the relationship of kin to the concept of diaspora.
11 Aisha Khan, in her study of Muslims in Trinidad, makes a helpful distinction, between a "motherland" which is a place of racial/ethnic origin, and a "homeland" which is a reference point, for example of religious identification such as the Vatican for Catholics (1995: 115).
12 "Indian" and "Hindu" were conflated in such discourses.
13 This is a new listserve which began in 1998, called Namaskar, which deals with the issue of Asians in East Africa.
14 This is Arabic for people of the Book which includes the three major and related monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
15 Sunnis are Muslims that believe that Prophet Muhammed was the messenger of God, and that there are no spiritual successors of any sort. Shi'as, on the other hand, follow different lineages of Imams beginning with Hazrat Ali, the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law. Sunnis make up the majority of the global Muslim population - about 70-80%. Those who are not Sunnis are Shi'as and are further divided based on which Imam or line of Imams they follow. Ismailis are one of the major Shi'a sects.
16 The founder of the Sikh religion.
17 Cynthia Salvadori also mentions this trend (1989: 229).
18 There have been reform movements within the Bohra community, and these have been largely focused on democratization and decreasing the power of the Dai (Salvadori 1989: 265), and not on Islamization or Westernization.
19 Nizari is another name for Ismaili.
20 I thank Sylvia Yanagisako for making this point.
21 I mention communal celebrations to contrast Ismaili holy days with Christian ones, such as Christmas and Easter, which can be observed in a secular way. The three holiest Ismaili celebrations are Navroz (Persian New Year), the birthday of Aga Khan IV and the day he gained Imamate. These festivals are inextricably tied to religious ceremonies and jamatkhana, and have limited secular and individual components.
22 I thank Purnima Mankekar for her insightful comments on Ismaili philanthropy.